Otitis Media:
•Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear, or a middle ear infection.
•It occurs in the area between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear, including a duct known as the eustachian tube. It is one of the two most common causes of an earache - the other being otitis externa. Diseases other than ear infections can also cause ear pain, including cancers of any structure that shares nerve supply with the ear and shingles which can lead to herpes zoster oticus. Though painful, otitis media is not threatening and usually heals on its own within 2–6 weeks.
-Classical complications of rhinopharyngitis
-pneumococcus (30-40%)
-Haemophilus Influenzae (20-30%)
-Moraxella catarrhalis (12-20%)
•Clinical signs
-fever - earache
-diarrhea - vomiting (infant)
-Irritability, reduction in hearing
-congestive to suppurated otitis media with bulging & yellowish tympanic membrane
Pharyngitis:
-Pharyngitis is caused by swelling (inflammation) of the pharynx, which is in the back of the throat, between the tonsils and the voicebox (larynx).
-Germs (initial)
-Virus (40 – 50%, adeno / rhinovirus)
-Bacteria that can cause pharyngitis (till 50%)
-Streptococcus A (30%)
-Haemophilus influenzae
-Moraxella catarrhalis
-Staphylococcus aureus
-Clinical signs
-fever (39° - 40°) - dysphagia
-submaxillary lymph glands (firm & sore)
-tonsil inflammation with whitish exsudates
-erythematous - pultaceous tonsillitis (Soft & Moist)
Rhinopharyngitis:
-Common cold : acute viral nasopharyngitis (rhinovirus)
-Most frequent infection in children from 6th month to 8 y old
-Benign evolution (10 days) but risk of recurrence
-Between 1 & 3 years of age à till 12 colds a year
-> 3 years à 4-8 colds – Adults à 3-5 colds
-Clinical signs
-fever
-nasal obstruction with purulent rhinorrhea
-diarrhea - vomiting
-cervical bilateral lymph glands (firm and sore)
-Red throat
Sinusitis:
1.Acute ethmoïdal sinusitis (infant from 6th month)
-clinical signs
-fever (39° - 40°)
-purulent nose blowing
-unilateral palpebral edema
-bacteriology
-before 5 years of age
haemophilus influenzae
-after 5 years of age
pneumococcus - streptococcus (A)
2.Acute maxillary sinusitis
-clinical signs
-fever (39° - 40°)
-purulent rhinorrhea
-Facial pain exacerbated at pressure or spontaneous pain
-X-Rays ð diagnosis
-bacteriology
-pneumococcus (30-40%)
-haemophilus (20-30%)
-moraxella catarrhalis (12-20%)
-streptococcus (A) (up to 3%)